The Minister's Advisory Committee on Library Services
for Aboriginal People was established in 2001 to address
two areas of concern regarding public library service for
Aboriginal peoples. First, only a small proportion of First
Nations' communities in southern Saskatchewan choose to
join the public library system, creating barriers to providing
library service for residents of non-participating communities.
Also, public libraries are not attracting off-reserve First
Nations and Métis people in numbers reflecting their proportion
of the population.
The Advisory Committee was mandated to provide recommendations
to address these concerns. Committee members, including
representatives from libraries and First Nations and Métis
institutions, identified ways to promote First Nations and
Métis participation in, and commitment to, the development
and maintenance of public library services for First Nations
and Métis people.
The report of this committee is based on a two-part strategy
for improving access to library services for Aboriginal
peoples. Central to the committee's recommendations is the
need to establish universal access to public library services
in Saskatchewan, thereby allowing all Saskatchewan residents,
including all who reside on First Nations reserve land,
access to public library services. The committee recommends
that the provincial grant pool for regional libraries be
increased to reflect the expanding populations served by
public libraries, due to new First Nations participation.
The committee believes that First Nations should have ownership
of, and primary responsibility for, on-reserve public libraries
and public library services. Therefore, the Advisory Committee
recommends that First Nations, with financial support from
the federal government, be encouraged to negotiate further
agreements with public library systems for additional on-reserve
public library services.
The other part of this strategy, parallel to the establishment
of universal access, is to achieve equitable access: library
usage by Aboriginal people proportionate to their population.
Equitable access can be fostered by the creation of a welcoming
atmosphere and culturally appropriate services, programming
and collections. Special project funding is needed for library
systems to improve library services for First Nations and
Métis people.
The committee advises libraries to strive to create a welcoming
atmosphere for First Nations and Métis patrons. It is recommended
that public library systems offer Aboriginal cultural awareness
and sensitivity training, and encourage staff and board
members to participate. Furthermore, the Advisory Committee
recommends that the public libraries promote First Nations
and Métis participation at all levels in the library workforce.
The Advisory Committee recommends that the public libraries
promote the importance of First Nations and Métis board
members, including Elders in ex-officio positions. With
these measures, public libraries will be more prepared to
provide culturally appropriate services.
To prepare First Nations and Métis people for the public
library workforce, it is recommended that post-secondary
institutions, particularly the Saskatchewan Institute of
Applied Science and Technology (SIAST), the Saskatchewan
Indian Institute of Technologies (SIIT), and the Saskatchewan
Indian Federated College (SIFC), partner to establish and
deliver library training programs throughout Saskatchewan.
In addition, the committee recommends that public libraries
establish Aboriginal internship and mentoring programs for
First Nations and Métis library students and staff. Also,
it is recommended that public libraries work in conjunction
with First Nations and Métis governments and organizations
to provide training for all library staff in serving First
Nations and Métis people.
The Advisory Committee recommends that two full-time permanent
Aboriginal Library Consultant positions be established at
Provincial Library to develop and improve library services
for First Nations and Métis people, and be assisted by Aboriginal
consultant positions at the regional and municipal libraries.
The committee recommends that public libraries undertake
initiatives to assist in the promotion and preservation
of Aboriginal languages, cultures and histories, including
the development of collections of appropriate Aboriginal
materials. It is recommended that Provincial Library develop
an Aboriginal component to the Saskatchewan Libraries Web
Site, with assistance from the Aboriginal Library Consultants.
This web site will serve as a clearinghouse for Aboriginal
materials and a network of support to improve public library
services for First Nations and Métis people.
The committee encourages public libraries to form partnerships
with the Government of Canada, and with First Nations and
Métis institutions and organizations, to provide public
library services for First Nations and Métis people. In
particular, the Advisory Committee encourages First Nations
and public library systems to co-operate in the establishment
of on-reserve public library services and service points,
which meet the needs of the community.
In the interest of promoting increased First Nation and
Métis patronage, the committee recommends that public libraries
be encouraged to promote literacy among First Nations and
Métis people. As well, the Advisory Committee recommends
the establishment of an official Storytelling Week in Saskatchewan
to promote library services for First Nations and Métis
people.
The Advisory Committee would like to see increased participation
in the public library system by First Nations and Métis
people. This can occur through the establishment of partnerships
with First Nations and Métis organizations, institutions
and communities, as well as through the promotion of the
benefits of public libraries services. The committee recommends
to the minister that an action plan be implemented to achieve
progress on these recommendations and that it be reviewed
in five years.
The committee believes that implementation of these recommendations
is critical to the future of the public library system in
our province and a key step in enriching lives of all residents
of Saskatchewan.
LIST
OF RECOMMENDATIONS
That every resident of Saskatchewan, including all
individuals who reside on First Nations reserve land,
have access to the full range of existing public library
services.
That the regional library funding formula be changed
to include the population for on-reserve residents of
First Nations within a regional library's service area.
That the provincial grant pool for regional libraries
be increased so that no regional library is adversely
affected by the population changes resulting from the
inclusion of all First Nations people.
That the Government of Saskatchewan work with the Government
of Canada to fund universal access to public library services
for First Nations people.
That all Saskatchewan residents be able to obtain public
library cards at any public library service point in the
province and that libraries explore the technology available
to provide that functional capability.
That the public library community of Saskatchewan work
toward a standardized, province-wide, proof-of-residence
for the purpose of obtaining library cards.
That First Nations have ownership of, and primary responsibility
for, on-reserve public libraries and public library services,
such as:
Stand-alone public libraries,
School-housed public libraries,
Bookmobiles or portable libraries,
Book exchanges, or
Computer access to library services with van delivery
for books.
That partnerships be explored as a way to achieve First
Nations bookmobile services.
That First Nations and public library systems be encouraged
to negotiate agreements for further development of public
library services, including on-reserve libraries.
That public library systems offer technical and developmental
support to First Nations libraries, and ensure they are
connected to the province-wide public library system.
That public library legislation and regulations provide
sufficient flexibility to allow library systems to enter
into an agreement with a First Nation with reserve land
within the boundaries of two or more public library systems.
That the Provincial Library explore partnerships with
Aboriginal governments to facilitate the development of
public library services for First Nations and Métis people.
That funding for developing on-reserve public library
services for First Nations be provided by the Government
of Canada with assistance from First Nations governments.
That the Government of Saskatchewan make special project
funds available to the public library community in Saskatchewan,
and that these funds be designated for public library
service initiatives addressing matters of interest and
concern to First Nations and Métis communities.
That barriers to the use of public libraries by Aboriginal
people be identified and processes put in place to systematically
eliminate those barriers.
That public libraries work with the First Nations and
Métis communities to evaluate the extent to which the
libraries are welcoming, and that processes be put in
place to encourage the libraries to provide a culturally
appropriate and sensitive atmosphere.
That all public library systems provide Aboriginal
cultural awareness and sensitivity training, and encourage
their staff and board members to participate.
That public libraries support First Nations and Métis
communities in the preservation of their oral traditions,
Aboriginal languages, cultures and histories by establishing
partnerships with First Nations and Métis groups and organizations
to develop and offer culturally appropriate programming.
That public libraries develop collections that include
Aboriginal content, such as: materials written in Aboriginal
languages, materials in syllabics, the recordings of Aboriginal
histories, and the stories told by the Elders, with their
permission.
That public libraries engage First Nations and Métis
Elders to participate in library programming.
That all public libraries, including those serving
communities with few or no First Nations and Métis people,
expose the general public to the histories, issues and
concerns of First Nation and Métis people through collection
development and programming.
That partnerships be formed between public libraries
and the Office of the Treaty Commissioner in recognition
of its role in public education about First Nations.
That public libraries encourage employment strategies
that promote Aboriginal participation at all levels within
the public library workforce.
That the value of First Nations and Métis board members
be promoted through provincial initiatives in conjunction
with the Saskatchewan Library Trustees Association and
the Provincial Library.
That there be Aboriginal representation on local public
library boards proportionate to the local Aboriginal population.
That public library boards consider including a local
Elder in an ex-officio position.
That union agreements and public library policies be
reviewed and revised to include provisions to develop
a representative and diverse workforce.
That public libraries work in conjunction with First
Nations and Métis communities and post-secondary education
institutions to create a library training program to meet
the needs of First Nations and Métis students.
That a library technician program be offered in Saskatchewan,
through various methods of distance education, and that
courses offered be transferable to universities and technical
colleges.
That public libraries work with the Saskatchewan Library
Association to explore partnership opportunities to develop
scholarships and bursaries for First Nations and Métis
students to complete library training.
That public libraries explore partnership opportunities
for joint conferences as forums for discussion on library
services for First Nations and Métis people, and as training
opportunities for Aboriginal public library staff.
That public libraries establish an internship program
for First Nations and Métis students who are graduates
of library technician and library science programs.
That public libraries establish a mentoring program
to assist First Nations and Métis public librarians, and
to promote cooperation between First Nations and Métis
communities and the public library community.
That provincial initiatives be undertaken in conjunction
with First Nations Chiefs, First Nations Councils, Métis
Locals and Elders to offer workshops and training sessions
for library staff members on providing services and outreach
to First Nations and Métis people.
That Provincial Library establish full-time, permanent
positions, designated for individuals of Aboriginal ancestry,
for two Aboriginal Library Consultants, to act as central
coordinators.
That Lakeland, Parkland, Southeast, and Wapiti regional
libraries, Pahkisimon Nuye?áh Library System, Regina Public
Library and Saskatoon Public Library each establish and
maintain a full-time, permanent Aboriginal Library Consultant
position, designated for an individual of Aboriginal ancestry,
who would act as an implementation coordinator.
That on-reserve public library service points house
collections of a quality and size similar to that of a
regional branch library serving a comparable population.
That the public, regional, and northern libraries develop
collections of Aboriginal materials reflecting the histories
and cultures of the First Nations and Métis people of
Saskatchewan, with particular emphasis on the First Nations
and Métis people in that area.
That Aboriginal materials be available in every branch
library in Saskatchewan and that rotating blocks be one
of the mechanisms used to achieve this goal.
That Provincial Library and the Aboriginal Library
Consultants compile a list of Aboriginal materials recommended
and materials not recommended for public libraries, for
posting on the Saskatchewan Libraries Web Site.
That Provincial Library develop an Aboriginal component
to the Saskatchewan Libraries Web Site.
That public libraries work with the First Nations and
Métis communities to promote and enhance literacy initiatives
among First Nations and Métis people.
That an official Storytelling Week occur in February
of each year throughout the province to promote First
Nations and Métis oral traditions and the use of public
libraries.
That public libraries be encouraged to be innovative
and creative in planning and implementing strategies for
improving library services for First Nations and Métis
people.
That the minister direct the Provincial Library to
work with the public library community and the Library
Services for Saskatchewan Aboriginal Peoples Committee,
and any other appropriate groups, to develop an action
plan to ensure progress in the implementation of these
recommendations.|
That in five years, there be a review of progress,
that includes public consultations and a report to the
minister.
In the spring of 2001, the Minister of Municipal Affairs
and Housing, the Honourable Ron Osika, appointed the Minister's
Advisory Committee on Library Services for Aboriginal People.
The committee was mandated to: identify ways to foster First
Nations and Métis participation in, and commitment to, the
development and maintenance of public library services designated
to meet the library and information needs of all First Nations
and Métis people in Saskatchewan
(Refer to Terms of Reference, http://www.lib.sk.ca/staff/minaboriginal/termref.html)
The Advisory Committee was composed of representatives
from libraries and First Nations and Métis organizations
with an interest in the development of library services
for First Nations and Métis people. (For list of committee
members, see Appendix A.)
The Advisory Committee hosted a series of public consultations
and discussions throughout Saskatchewan from May until August
2001. Meetings were held at Jackfish Lodge (Battlefords
Provincial Park), Prince Albert, Beauval, Fort Qu'Appelle,
Saskatoon and Regina.
Representatives from the First Nations, Tribal Councils,
Métis Nation - Saskatchewan, public libraries and regional
libraries were personally invited to attend the consultations.
The consultations were advertised publicly through posters,
local newspapers, and radio stations. (See Appendix
B for a list of the participants.)
Representatives of the Advisory Committee spoke with Federation
of Saskatchewan Indian Nations (FSIN) Directors of Education
during their meeting at the end of June.
The committee also invited representatives from various organizations
and government departments to speak with them about possible
best practices and partnerships for libraries. The committee
spoke with representatives from:
Aboriginal Employment Development Program,
Regional Intersectoral Committee,
Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management Mentoring
Program,
Saskatchewan Indian Institute of Technology (SIIT),
Saskatchewan Institute of Applied Science and Technology
(SIAST).
This report represents the recommendations of all members
of the Advisory Committee. The Advisory Committee listened
carefully to the issues and concerns from the public consultations
and has framed its recommendations to address those concerns.
A library is defined as any organized collection
of printed books and periodicals or of any other graphic,
electronic, or audio-visual materials, and the services
of a staff to provide and facilitate use of such materials
or of other information sources as are required to
meet the informational, research, educational, cultural
or recreational needs of its users.
A public library , as established under The
Public Libraries Act, 1996, is supported by tax
dollars and provides service to the population of
a community or region free of charge to the individual.
The American Library Association has defined the roles
that a public library may play in a community and
the most frequently chosen roles by public libraries
in Saskatchewan are:
encouraging young children to develop a lifelong
interest in reading;
providing recreational and popular reading materials;
providing accurate and reliable information to
meet daily living needs;
supporting formal and informal education for
lifelong learning; and
serving as a community centre.
Also, under The Public Libraries Act, 1996,
public libraries in Saskatchewan are organized into
the provincial public library system to ensure
universal access across the province and to facilitate
the resource sharing which achieves maximum service
at least cost.
Currently, there are two municipal libraries and
seven regional libraries serving southern Saskatchewan,
and the Pahkisimon Nuye?áh Library System (PNLS, La
Ronge) serving northern residents. The municipal libraries
are the Regina Public Library and the Saskatoon Public
Library.
The seven regional libraries are:
Chinook Regional Library - Swift Current,
Lakeland Library Region - North Battleford,
Palliser Regional Library - Moose Jaw,
Parkland Regional Library - Yorkton,
Southeast Regional Library - Weyburn,
Wapiti Regional Library - Prince Albert,
Wheatland Regional Library - Saskatoon.
Current
Trends of the Aboriginal Population of Saskatchewan
Aboriginal birth rate is two-times
that of non-Aboriginal peoples.
Currently, Aboriginal peoples
comprise 11.4% of the total Saskatchewan population
By 2045, the Aboriginal population
is expected to increase to 33% of the total Saskatchewan
population
51% of the Aboriginal population
is under the age of 20 compared to 29% of the non-Aboriginal
population
By 2006, 1 in 3 new school entrants
throughout Saskatchewan will be Aboriginal
In the south, 25% of First Nations
peoples live on-reserve; in the north, 75% live
on-reserve
41 per cent of Aboriginal peoples
15 years of age and older have completed (at least)
Grade 12, compared to 58 per cent of non-Aboriginal
peoples (1996 census)
The participation of Aboriginal
peoples in the provincial economy is well below
the provincial average for non-Aboriginal people
The employment rate for Aboriginal
peoples is 38 per cent compared to 65 per cent for
Non-Aboriginal peoples (1996 census)
The average income of the Aboriginal
population is significantly lower than that of non-Aboriginal
peoples
Aboriginal peoples are disproportionately
represented within Social Services and the correctional
system
Municipal libraries, in addition to serving their urban
patrons, act as resource centres for the other libraries
in the province. Regional libraries co-ordinate public library
services in their area, through branch libraries. Pahkisimon
Nuye?áh Library System is a federation of organizations
concerned with library services in the north. It co-ordinates
services to its member libraries: public, school, college,
special and First Nation.
The Public Libraries Act, 1996 also defines the
purpose of the provincial public library system:
to facilitate equitable access to basic library services
by all residents of Saskatchewan, and
to ensure the existence and availability of:
the Saskatchewan union catalogue;
interlibrary loans;
reciprocal borrowing; and
autonomous library boards.
All public libraries in Saskatchewan must contribute to
the union catalogue, which is the basic tool for resource
sharing. Reciprocal borrowing means that all Saskatchewan
residents, with a public library card, may borrow from,
and return materials to, any public library in the province,
without a fee. The interlibrary loan system allows for the
lending of materials between and among libraries on behalf
of the public. Every local public library must operate under
the direction of a local library board. In the case of a
rural library, at least one member of the local library
board also serves on the regional library board. All five
of these conditions must be met for a library to be a public
library, under Saskatchewan legislation.
The provincial public library system has traditionally
been built on a foundation of local autonomy, co-operation,
participation, and support. Municipalities provide the local
library facilities and pay an annual grant ("levy") to the
regional library system, and the provincial government provides
annual grants. Municipalities raise the money to support
library services through property taxes. Since the 1980's,
municipalities have increased their level of support to
regional libraries to 50 percent or more of the regional
libraries' revenues. This percent does not include the contribution
that municipalities make through the provision of local
library facilities. In contrast, provincial grants to the
two municipal libraries, Regina and Saskatoon, have represented
3 to 5 percent of total local revenues. In this case, the
total revenue includes the provision of facilities.
The ten library system boards are autonomous and are responsible
for all policy, financial and library service decisions.
The regional library system was established to allow rural
libraries to share resources - books, information, etc.
- and to enable delivery of library services to a dispersed
population in the most cost-effective manner.
For further detail about the structure and services of
the public library systems in Saskatchewan, refer to:
The Public Libraries Act, 1996, requires Saskatchewan
municipalities to participate in the public library system.
This is to ensure equitable access to global information,
resources and library services for all Saskatchewan residents.
First Nations are distinct from municipalities, and constitutionally,
cannot be required by the Province of Saskatchewan to participate
in the public library system.
Section 66 of the Act permits public library systems to
enter into agreements with Aboriginal peoples to participate
in the provincial public library system. The requirement
that agreements be signed before First Nations individuals
get library services free-of-charge is intended to put them
on an equal footing with residents of municipalities. In
both instances, individuals are eligible for library services
because their local government, a First Nation or a municipality,
is participating in and financially supporting the public
library system.
Through the legislative mandate of the Pahkisimon Nuye?áh
Library System, created in 1990, First Nations are automatically
served by the northern library system. However, First Nations
south of the Northern Administration District must negotiate
an agreement with the regional library serving their area.
All agreements provide for access to existing library services
province-wide, such as reciprocal borrowing and interlibrary
loans.
In 2001, 20 of the 57 southern Saskatchewan First
Nations had agreements with regional libraries and
paid grants ("levies") to receive library services.
The services offered under these agreements vary from
library system to library system, and from First Nation
to First Nation. Services may include:
Cards that permit access to off-reserve public
library services,
On-reserve public library,
Paperback deposit,
Other arrangements such as book drops.
Currently in order for residents of the 37 non-participating
First Nations to obtain public library services, individuals
are required to pay a fee. Since all municipalities
are required to participate in the library system,
all other residents in the province have free access
to public library services. Although not intended,
payment of fees may be perceived as discriminatory,
and presents a barrier to library services for on-reserve
First Nations.
"In addition to having some Aboriginal people disqualified
from library services altogether, the usage levels of
on-reserve Aboriginal peoples is lower than we would
like. Only 21 per cent of the residents of participating
[First Nations in the Southeast region] have current
public library cards. Of these, only 4 per cent are
truly active users of the public library system."
(Southeast Regional Library, Brief to the Minister's
Advisory Committee on Public Library Services for Aboriginal
Peoples)
The public library system in Saskatchewan is complemented
by school, college, university and special libraries. The
libraries of three organizations, in particular, deliver
library services for First Nations and Métis people in the
province. The Gabriel Dumont Institute (GDI) and the Saskatchewan
Indian Federated College (SIFC) house libraries primarily
serving their respective student bodies. In addition to
the two post-secondary institution libraries, the Saskatchewan
Indian Cultural Centre (SICC) supports a library for the
First Nations and Métis people of Saskatchewan.
All three libraries have extensive collections with a
strong First Nations and Métis focus. However, the Gabriel
Dumont Institute and Saskatchewan Indian Federated College
libraries focus on meeting the specific information needs
related to students' academic programs and providing information
on First Nations and Métis topics. Members of the public
can access the Saskatchewan Indian Federated College's library
services for a fee of $25 that is refundable when the patron
ceases to use the services. The Gabriel Dumont Institute
does not actively promote its services to the public. However,
the staff do not deny members of the public access to its
resources. The Saskatchewan Indian Cultural Centre's library
services are tailored to serve the public with a variety
of materials on First Nations and Métis people.
These special libraries work with the public library system
to ensure access to library materials province-wide. For
example, all of the libraries (although not all the branches)
offer inter-library loan services and their catalogues are
accessible on the Internet.
For further detail on Aboriginal and Special Libraries please
refer to http://www.lib.sk.ca/staff/minaboriginal/speciallib.html
Information was compiled on the public library services
for First Nations and Métis people in British Columbia,
Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Ontario. The public
library system in New Brunswick was also researched. However,
New Brunswick's situation is significantly different than
Saskatchewan's, making the public library systems difficult
to compare. The focus was therefore on British Columbia,
Alberta, Manitoba and Ontario, which have structures similar
to those in Saskatchewan.
The inter-jurisdictional comparison identified inequities
in library services for First Nations and Métis people in
all provinces, and in particular, inequities for on-reserve
First Nations people. Ontario and Saskatchewan have made
the greatest effort in addressing these inequities. Ontario
employs three First Nations library consultants to assist
in the establishment of Aboriginal libraries. There are
55 First Nations libraries in Ontario out of approximately
200. Thirty-two out of 74 First Nations participate in Saskatchewan's
public library system, and 10 have on-reserve public libraries.
There are no on-reserve public libraries in British Columbia
and Alberta. One on-reserve public library at Norway House
is currently being re-established in Manitoba.
First Nations are able to enter into negotiations for
public library services in British Columbia, Saskatchewan
and Ontario. First Nations in Alberta may apply to form
a library board. In Manitoba, there is no provision in The
Public Libraries Act regarding the establishment of
First Nations libraries.
Métis and off-reserve First Nations people receive the
same library services as non-Aboriginal people, although
they often use libraries less than non-Aboriginal people
do. However, there have been few province-wide initiatives
to improve library services to Métis and off-reserve First
Nations people. Saskatchewan's Library Services for Aboriginal
Peoples Committee works to promote and improve library services
both on and off-reserve. For example, the Saskatchewan's
Library Services for Aboriginal Peoples Committee held a
conference in Saskatoon in November of 1992. Efforts have
been made by some public library branches to attract First
Nations and Métis patrons and improve public library services
for First Nations and Métis people. The committee was unable
to find a truly effective, province-wide model for equitable
public library services for First Nations and Métis people.
Although a number of interesting and effective initiatives
were identified at the local level, nowhere were these initiatives
working throughout an entire province.
Universal and equitable access to public library
services for all residents of Saskatchewan, including
Aboriginal people, both on- and off-reserve.
Universal access means that every resident of Saskatchewan
has access to a public library card without payment of a
fee. The report of this committee is based on a two-part
strategy for improving access to library services for Aboriginal
people:
To improve access to First Nations individuals residing
on-reserve. Section V of the report, on universal
access addresses this part of the strategy.
To removing barriers and improving access to all Aboriginal
people. Sections VI - X of the report
address this part of the strategy.
To the committee, equitable access for all Aboriginal people
includes:
Increased participation by First Nations and Métis people
in the public library system.
Aboriginal representation on public library boards
in proportion to the local First Nations and Métis population.
Elders are invited to participate in the Board's work.
Public libraries that provide a safe and welcoming
environment; are busy, lively and inviting; and encourage
First Nations and Métis participation by providing culturally
sensitive programs and services.
Collections that reflect the community, including a
variety of materials with Aboriginal content.
That public libraries serve as repositories of First
Nations and Métis cultures and histories.
Personalized service that focuses on providing quality
information, resources, and services, uses new technologies,
and engages the community, through outreach and promotion.
A culturally diverse and representative workforce with
First Nations and Métis people represented at all levels
of the public library system.
Library training for First Nations and Métis people,
with the library profession is promoted as a career option.
Library technician training is delivered throughout the
province.
A web site by, for, and about First Nations and Métis
people and libraries, that serves as a clearinghouse for
information on Aboriginal materials, and as a network
to facilitate initiatives such as training and employment
opportunities.
Improved relations between the First Nations governments,
the Province of Saskatchewan and the Government of Canada,
resulting in increased financial support to improve public
library services for all and development of on-reserve
public library services based on community needs.
First Nations public libraries that are part of the
provincial public library system and that participates
in the Saskatchewan union catalogue, the province-wide
interlibrary loan network, and reciprocal borrowing.
"I would like to see Aboriginal parents and children
using the public library as a natural and comfortable
part of their of lives" (Allan Johnson, Southeast
Regional Library).
Universal access to public libraries is defined in this
report as the opportunity for every resident of Saskatchewan,
including individuals residing on First Nations reserve
land, to receive a public library card anywhere in Saskatchewan,
without payment of a fee.
That every resident of Saskatchewan, including all
individuals who reside on First Nations reserve land,
have access to the full range of existing public library
services.
"Information is for everyone!" (Brenda Roberts,
Peter Ballantyne First Nation).
"Everyone should have access to a public library"
(Bob Gerow, Director of Education, Agency Chiefs Tribal
Council).
"The most unpleasant part of our work is telling
someone his library card has been cancelled or that
he cannot borrow any of our materials. We feel for
the mother who brings in her Kindergarten child, determined
to give [him or her] a good start. It hurts when you
see body language, which shows the person feels second-rate.
Often our staff are accused of being racist."
(Annmarie Hillson, North Battleford Librarian, Brief
to the Minister's Advisory Committee on Library Services
for Aboriginal People)
Provincial Library's mission is to "strengthen libraries
to ensure equitable access to global information, resources
and library services for all Saskatchewan residents." In
order to achieve universal access to public library services,
the committee recommends that every resident of the province
be eligible to obtain a public library card without payment
of a fee.
Due to the need for First Nations to negotiate agreements
for public library services, potential First Nations and
Métis library patrons are asked to pay a fee for a library
card if they reside within the boundaries of a non-participating
First Nation. Whether or not this results in an inability
to obtain a library card, the circumstances can be misinterpreted
as racism, and pose a significant barrier for individual
members of First Nations, to access public library services.
In the public consultations, both the library community
and the public were concerned about the perception of discrimination
resulting from the inability of residents of non-participating
First Nations to obtain a public library card. Library staff
expressed concern in having to turn away potential patrons
who are residents of a non-participating First Nation. The
Minister's Advisory Committee believes that the full range
of library materials and services should be made available
to everyone in Saskatchewan, regardless of residency.
That the regional library funding formula be changed
to include the population for on-reserve residents of
First Nations within a regional library's service area.
That the provincial grant pool for regional libraries
be increased so that no regional library is adversely
affected by the population changes resulting from the
inclusion of all First Nations people.
That the Government of Saskatchewan work with the Government
of Canada to fund universal access to public library services
for First Nations people.
Provincial grants recognize the philosophy of combined
responsibility for public library services at the provincial
and local levels. The province provides grants to public
libraries to support resource sharing among libraries rather
than to fund local service. Municipalities must participate
in the provincial public library system and municipal library
grants ("levies") are the major funding source for local
library services. Amounts of these library grants are determined
by autonomous library boards, usually on the basis of population
size and level of service in the community. Municipalities
with larger populations and more extensive library services
normally pay greater grants than municipalities with smaller
populations or with no service point.
The Minister's Advisory Committee recommends that this
principle of shared responsibility be maintained in funding
library services for First Nations people living on reserve.
First Nations cannot be required to participate in the public
library system. However, the Committee recommends that First
Nations retain responsibility for developing and funding
local, on-reserve, library service and the Province of Saskatchewan
provide their share of the grants related to First Nations
populations. This would ensure that First Nations individuals
receive library service without payment of a fee the same
as residents of municipalities. Decisions regarding local
service development can be made at the local level. The
committee recommends that First Nations and public library
systems continue to negotiate agreements for further public
library services, including the establishment and maintenance
of on-reserve public library service points.
Provincial grants are calculated using a base grant with
a population adjustment. The regional grant pool formula
was fixed in The Public Libraries Regulations,1996.
First Nations populations that were participating at that
time were included in the pool; however, there is currently
no mechanism to increase the pool to cover additional First
Nations populations.
All First Nations in the Northern Administration District
are included in the Pahkisimon Nuye?áh Library System. Under
the legislation, the northern library system office is primarily
funded by provincial grants. Funding for local public libraries
comes from First Nations and local municipalities, which
are eligible for a matching provincial grant, to a maximum
of $15,000.
The Advisory Committee heard that First Nations councils
need to provide many services for their members with limited
budgets. The current structure of the regional grant pool
limits access to funds for First Nations library service.
A need for more funding for First Nations library service
was articulated by the First Nations, Métis and library
communities.
Regional libraries wish to provide public library services
to First Nations, but they need an increase in the grant
pool to accommodate the First Nations populations. Without
an increase, services to First Nations within a particular
region would occur at the expense of other regions.
During consultations, the Advisory Committee was also informed
that provincial funding for Aboriginal library service is
appropriate because the Province of Saskatchewan receives
funding as a result of First Nations people through a variety
of sources: equalization payments, provincial sales tax,
federal grants for urban schools, etc. These are not matters
for the Advisory Committee to address. Rather, they need
to be resolved between the federal and provincial governments
and First Nations at the Fiscal Relations Table.
That all Saskatchewan residents be able to obtain public
library cards at any public library service point in the
province and that libraries explore the technology available
to provide that functional capability.
That the public library community of Saskatchewan work
toward a standardized, province-wide, proof-of-residence
for the purpose of obtaining library cards.
The Advisory Committee heard that some members of the
public, particularly students attending post-secondary institutions
in urban locations, had experienced difficulties obtaining
a public library card because of problems in providing proof
of residency in the library's service area. Residents of
both participating and non-participating First Nations expressed
difficulty in providing proof of residency to obtain a library
card. The Advisory Committee recommends that initiatives
be taken to standardize proof of residency as it is problematic
in providing universal access. A possible solution for students
would be for libraries to ask for the address of the students'
permanent residence, as well as their address while attending
the post-secondary institution.
To make library cards available for all residents of Saskatchewan
at all public library service points throughout the province,
technology is needed to provide public libraries with the
information they require to issue library cards to individuals
residing outside their service area. The result of such
a network could be the creation of a Saskatchewan public
library card that could be used in all libraries throughout
the province. A Saskatchewan public library card would be
analogous to a Saskatchewan Health Card that allows the
holder access to health care anywhere in the province. However,
the Committee is not recommending the use of Saskatchewan
Health Cards as proof of identity.
That First Nations have ownership of, and primary responsibility
for, on-reserve public libraries and public library services,
such as:
Stand-alone public libraries,
School-housed public libraries,
Bookmobiles or portable libraries,
Book exchanges, or
Computer access to library services with van delivery
for books.
That partnerships be explored as a way to achieve First
Nations bookmobile services.
That First Nations and public library systems be encouraged
to negotiate agreements for further development of public
library services, including on-reserve libraries.
That public library systems offer technical and developmental
support to First Nations libraries, and ensure they are
connected to the province-wide public library system.
That public library legislation and regulations provide
sufficient flexibility to allow library systems to enter
into an agreement with a First Nation with reserve land
within the boundaries of two or more public library systems.
"First Nations peoples need to take charge of
libraries as they have with on-reserve schools"
(Larry Goldade, Director of Education, Prince Albert
Grand Council).
"Libraries may not be a priority, but they are
most definitely a need" (Valerie Laliberte, Committee
Member).
Universal access will allow all residents of Saskatchewan,
including residents of First Nations to access existing
public library services. In addition, First Nations and
public library systems must be encouraged to negotiate further
agreements for on-reserve services. This may include the
establishment of on-reserve public library service points,
which the Advisory Committee heard was desired by some First
Nations, as a way to promote First Nation responsibility
for and primary control of the public library services for
their communities. It will also be important to consider
ways for First Nations to cooperate to establish and provide
library services.
However, there were a number of barriers identified, which
hinder the establishment of on-reserve service points. First,
libraries are often not seen as a priority, when First Nations
Chief and Councils budget for such urgent needs as housing,
infrastructure, education, etc. Secondly, there is often
no suitable infrastructure to support the creation of public
libraries on reserves. Many of the First Nations have school
libraries but are not equipped to establish a public library.
Third, First Nations lack experience in how to establish
and operate a public library or combined school-public library.
More practical matters in administering public library services
were of concern for many of the First Nations participants,
such as a need for trained library staff and a limited budget
from which to operate.
Some of the First Nations and Métis participants believed
their current library services suffice to serve their students.
Others identified negative experiences with the pubic library
services that they and their First Nation had received to
date. Transportation to get to an off-reserve library was
also identified as a barrier for some individuals.
Where First Nations and Métis participants agreed that
on-reserve public library services should be established,
the Advisory Committee heard a number of options for on-reserve
library service points:
Stand-alone public libraries,
School-housed public libraries,
Bookmobiles or portable libraries,
Book drops,
Computers and van delivery to facilitate book exchanges.
Regional libraries have ceased bookmobile operations due
to high financial costs. However, the Advisory Committee
heard that bookmobiles were a preferred method for delivery
of on-reserve public library services in some parts of the
province. It was suggested that the cooperation of a number
of First Nations, sharing the costs of a bookmobile, might
allow for the re-establishment of the service for on-reserve
residents.
Given these concerns, it is important that the First Nations
be given guidance so they can determine if they would desire
a public library service point on reserve, and if so, the
form it would take. First Nations may not require standard
public library services. The committee recommends that options
be explored to determine what innovative services, beyond
standard public library services, could be provided to meet
the needs and financial capabilities of the community.
The Advisory Committee recognizes that there may also
be a role for the public library system in supporting First
Nations libraries that are not public libraries. For example,
the Southeast Regional Library has assisted the Pasqua First
Nation, which is in the Southeast Regional Library's boundaries,
in launching an "Elder's Library". The Elder's Library is
not a public library service point and therefore does not
participate in public library services such as interlibrary
loans. Rather, the library houses materials to be loaned
to the Elders of the Pasqua First Nation.
Upon receiving advice on the types of public library service
available as well the cost projections and administration
of each, the First Nations would be better prepared to determine
what type of library service is best suited to their particular
needs and financial situation.
To facilitate the development of on-reserve public library
service points, regional libraries are encouraged to enter
into agreements with First Nations. Currently, First Nations
with reserve land located across two or more regional library
boundaries, or located in a regional library and the northern
administration district, are required to negotiate services
from all public library systems involved. This process has
been criticized as inefficient and frustrating, not only
for the First Nation but also for the public library systems
involved. Therefore, the Advisory Committee recommends that
legislation be flexible enough to enable a First Nation
in such a situation to enter into an agreement with a single
library or system, that applies to all that particular First
Nation's reserve lands.
That the Provincial Library explore partnerships with
Aboriginal governments to facilitate the development of
public library services for First Nations and Métis people.
That funding for developing on-reserve public library
services for First Nations be provided by the Government
of Canada with assistance from First Nations governments.
That the Government of Saskatchewan make special project
funds available to the public library community in Saskatchewan,
and that these funds be designated for public library
service initiatives addressing matters of interest and
concern to First Nations and Métis communities.
The issue of jurisdiction often arose during the public
consultations. First Nations and Métis participants voiced
concern over limited provincial involvement because First
Nations and Métis people are federal jurisdiction. As such,
programming and services are to be provided by federal departments
or federally sponsored agencies, rather than the provincial
government.
The basis of their concerns is rooted in their historical
treaty relationships with the British Crown and eventually
the Government of Canada. It was suggested that public library
services might be a component of the education provision
as secured under the Numbered Treaties. If public libraries
were considered a treaty right, this could imply federal
responsibility and may provide a venue from which to secure
funding to establish and/or improve public library services
for First Nations and Métis people.
During consultations the committee heard that provincial
funding for Aboriginal library services should be investigated
because the Province of Saskatchewan receives financial
transfers as a result of First Nations and Métis people
through various sources such as equalization payments, provincial
sales tax and federal grants for urban schools. However,
these are matters that may need to be resolved between the
federal and provincial governments and First Nations at
the Fiscal Relations Table.
The Advisory Committee suggests that special project funding
be available to improve public library services for First
Nations and Métis people. Initiatives could include: the
hiring of Aboriginal public library coordinators by public
library systems; pilot projects; library programming on
Aboriginal themes and issues; and Aboriginal cultural awareness
training for the public library community.
That barriers to the use of public libraries by Aboriginal
people be identified and processes be put in place to
systematically eliminate those barriers.
That public libraries work with the First Nations and
Métis communities to evaluate the extent to which the
libraries are welcoming, and that processes be put in
place to encourage the libraries to provide a culturally
appropriate and sensitive atmosphere.
That all public library systems provide Aboriginal
cultural awareness and sensitivity training, and encourage
their staff and board members to participate.
Public libraries should "train all staff to provide
the best service possible to every patron, and to treat
all patrons, including Aboriginal [and] Métis peoples,
equally and fairly." (John M. Cuelenaere Public
Library, Prince Albert, Brief on Library Services
for Aboriginal People)
A common perception among First Nations and Métis people
is that racism is a problem in the public libraries. Often
service delivery that is not culturally responsive contributes
to the lack of First Nations and Métis patronage. Therefore,
the Advisory Committee recommends that initiatives be taken
to ensure staff attitudes are culturally responsive and
appropriate toward First Nations and Métis patrons, and
to help First Nations and Métis people feel comfortable
in accessing public library services.
Furthermore, the concept of public library service is a
relatively new idea to First Nations and Métis people. Their
cultures and histories traditionally have been passed on
orally, rather than through the written word. As such, the
benefits of libraries are sometimes not well understood
by First Nations and Métis people, and libraries have not
been strongly promoted within their communities. Therefore,
libraries may seem strange and unwelcoming to First Nations
and Métis patrons.
Because First Nations and Métis patrons sometimes perceive
staff attitudes towards them as negative, the committee
recommends that cultural awareness and sensitivity training
be taken by library staff and library board members. The
Advisory Committee advises that training be on-going. A
person of First Nations and Métis descent must facilitate
aboriginal cultural awareness and sensitivity training.
The committee recommends that public libraries approach
a variety of organizations offering such training, to ensure
the best training program for their specific needs.
To further cultural awareness, the committee recommends
that library staff and board members be encouraged to participate
in local community groups related to First Nations and Métis
people.
The First Nations and Métis representatives at the public
consultations were concerned with the unwelcoming atmosphere
at many public libraries. To make the public library environment
as welcoming as possible, several suggestions were made:
Greeting patrons in the local Aboriginal language;
Displaying signage in the local Aboriginal language;
Displaying exhibits of Aboriginal art;
Presenting displays of Aboriginal authors and Aboriginal
materials;
Locating paperback racks near the entrance;
Playing music in the library (e.g. pow wow music);
Having suggestion boxes, and taking comments and suggestions
seriously;
Opening during the evening for adult patrons (particularly
in school-housed public libraries);
Extending invitations to local schools with First Nations
and Métis students;
Extending invitations to the First Nations and Métis
adult populations through their groups and organizations
(e.g. Friendship Centres);
Developing and providing culturally appropriate programming
for First Nations and Métis patrons; and
Programming to increase awareness of the histories
and cultures of First Nations and Métis people in Saskatchewan.
It is a widely held perception within the First Nations
and Métis communities and the public library community that
libraries delivering more culturally appropriate and culturally
sensitive services offer a more welcoming environment and
will ultimately result in an increase in First Nations and
Métis participation.
That public libraries support First Nations and Métis
communities in the preservation of their oral traditions,
Aboriginal languages, cultures and histories by establishing
partnerships with First Nations and Métis groups and organizations
to develop and offer culturally appropriate programming.
That public libraries develop collections that include
Aboriginal content such as: materials written in Aboriginal
languages and syllabics, the recordings Aboriginal histories
and the stories told by the Elders, with their permission.
That public libraries engage First Nation and Métis
Elders to participate in library programming.
That all public libraries, including those serving
communities with few or no First Nations and Métis people,
expose the general public to the histories, issues and
concerns of First Nation and Métis people, through collection
development and programming.
That partnerships be formed between public libraries
and the Office of the Treaty Commissioner in recognition
of its role in public education about First Nations.
"Elders are the libraries of the community"
(Ralph Paul, Director of Education, Meadow Lake Tribal
Council).
First Nations and Métis people throughout the province
expressed concern over the preservation of their languages
and their cultures. The Advisory Committee makes the above
recommendations in recognition of the role public libraries
can play a role in promoting and preserving Aboriginal languages,
cultures and histories. Although the promotion and protection
of Aboriginal languages, cultures and histories are particularly
important in libraries serving large First Nations and Métis
communities, they are also useful to libraries serving communities
with few or no First Nations and Métis members.
The development of quality Aboriginal collections, and
collections written in Aboriginal languages will assist
in the preservation of Aboriginal languages and cultures.
The development of such collections would provide valuable
information to both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal peoples
alike. Many First Nations and Métis Elders read syllabics,
and therefore, the Advisory Committee recommends that public
libraries be encouraged to develop collections written in
syllabics if there is a need in the community or communities
they serve.
Signage and greetings in the local Aboriginal language
will promote language preservation as well as work to provide
a welcoming atmosphere. A "Word of the Week" in the local
Aboriginal language is an innovative and fun method to promote
language and culture within the library.
Public libraries can play a role in preserving Aboriginal
languages, cultures and histories by offering specialized
programming. Public libraries are encouraged to establish
partnerships with First Nations and Métis groups and organizations
to develop culturally appropriate programming. It would
be beneficial to include Elders in the development of such
programming.
At the public consultations, members of the First Nations
and Métis communities as well as the Advisory Committee
members of First Nations and Métis descent, stressed the
importance of oral tradition within First Nations and Métis
cultures. Public libraries can help promote and preserve
this tradition by inviting Elders to the library to participate
in library programming. In particular, Elders can be invited
to tell stories and histories. The committee also recommends
that libraries promote storytelling in Aboriginal languages,
because, as a participant from a First Nations community
stated during the public consultation in Beauval, stories
lose some of their meaning when they are translated into
English.
Furthermore, the Advisory Committee recommends that First
Nations and Métis communities be encouraged to preserve
the stories and histories of the Elders of First Nations
and Métis communities. Public libraries may act in a facilitating
role, by offering a venue to record Elders' stories. However,
libraries need to be sensitive to the concept of copyright
in the First Nations and Métis communities. Anyone recording
stories, in any format, must seek and secure permission
from the storyteller prior to recording.
It is important that public libraries present themselves
as venues for the promotion and preservation of Aboriginal
languages, cultures and histories. Appropriate collection
and program development are important ways for libraries
to demonstrate this ability.
That public libraries encourage employment strategies
that promote Aboriginal participation at all levels within
the public library workforce.
That the value of First Nations and Métis board members
be promoted through provincial initiatives in conjunction
with the Saskatchewan Library Trustees Association and
the Provincial Library.
That there be Aboriginal representation on local public
library boards proportionate to the local Aboriginal population.
That public library boards consider including a local
Elder in an ex-officio position.
That union agreements and public library policies be
reviewed and revised to include provisions to develop
a representative and diverse workforce.
During the public consultations, the Advisory Committee
heard an expressed need for more trained Aboriginal staff
in both the public library and First Nations and Métis communities.
One participant described his discomfort upon entering the
public library because he was the only person of First Nations
descent in the library. Having Aboriginal staff present
in the libraries would encourage First Nations and Métis
people to visit libraries and access library services to
their fullest. However, the Advisory Committee recommends
that the public library workplace be prepared for an influx
of Aboriginal employees. A possible approach to preparing
the public library workforce may include participating in
the Aboriginal Employment Development Program offered by
the Intergovernmental and Aboriginal Affairs Department.
The committee recommends that First Nations and Métis
staff members be present in all levels of the public library
system, including the public library boards. Increasing
the participation of Aboriginal staff members at all levels
within the public library workforce and on public library
boards would support the Advisory Committee's vision of
more culturally sensitive library services.
To facilitate the recommended expansion of Aboriginal representation
within the public library workforce it is suggested that
the library systems consult with First Nations and Métis
organizations in their areas to recruit Aboriginal employees.
To obtain referrals for qualified First Nations and Métis
people, libraries may also seek advice from the Aboriginal
Library Consultants as discussed in Section
X, Aboriginal Library Consultants of this report. Several
innovative suggestions were presented to the Advisory Committee
including:
In areas where the population warrants, encourage hiring
practices that give preference to persons who have local
language skills, e.g. "Knowledge of the Cree Language
would be an asset" to appear in the posting;
Invite each regional library to designate a staff or
board member to work with the Aboriginal Consultant, as
outlined in Section X, Aboriginal Library
Consultants of this report, to implement the Advisory
Committee's proposals;
Invite each regional library to designate a staff or
board member to be responsible for outreach and liaison
with the First Nations and Métis communities in their
area;
Have public library staff, and librarians in particular,
attend career days and/or conferences to promote library
work and to recruit First Nations and Métis people to
the public library workforce and public library boards;
Hire First Nations and Métis summer students to increase
Aboriginal representation and as a method of recruiting
future employees of Aboriginal descent;
During interviews, ask potential employees how they
would improve public library services to First Nations
and Métis people and how their ideas might be implemented;
and
Compile a comprehensive list of all positions within
the public library system and have it posted on the Saskatchewan
Libraries Web Site, with a link on the Aboriginal component
of the web site (see Section X, Web site
on Library Services for First Nations and Métis People);
the list may include a description of the duties and education
level required.
In areas where the population warrants, the committee recommends
that public library boards recruit Aboriginal members. Consultation
with First Nations and Métis groups for potential board
members would be a positive method of recruitment. As well,
the Advisory Committee recommends that provincial initiatives
be undertaken to promote the benefits of having First Nations
and Métis public library board members.
As discussed earlier in this report, the comfort level
of First Nations and Métis patrons in the public libraries
requires improvement. Members of the Advisory Committee
agree that increasing the number of Aboriginal employees
in the public library workforce would promote a welcoming
environment for First Nations and Métis patrons. Furthermore,
the inclusion of First Nations and Métis people on public
library staffs and boards would result in the delivery of
culturally relevant and culturally sensitive programs and
services, thereby increasing the number of First Nations
and Métis patrons at the public libraries. The importance
of Elders in First Nations and Métis communities would be
reflected with an ex-officio position for an Elder on public
library boards, thereby acknowledging their roles as traditional
educators and sources of history and knowledge.
That public libraries work in conjunction with First
Nations and Métis communities and post-secondary education
institutions to create a library training program to meet
the needs of First Nations and Métis students.
That a library technician program be offered in Saskatchewan,
through various methods of distance education, and that
courses offered be transferable to universities and technical
colleges.
That public libraries work with the Saskatchewan Library
Association to explore partnership opportunities to develop
scholarships and bursaries for First Nations and Métis
students to complete library training.
That public libraries explore partnership opportunities
for joint conferences as forums for discussion on library
services for First Nations and Métis people, and as training
opportunities for Aboriginal public library staff.
That public libraries establish an internship program
for First Nations and Métis students who are graduates
of library technician and library science programs.
That public libraries establish a mentoring program
to assist First Nations and Métis public librarians, and
to promote cooperation between First Nations and Métis
communities and the public library community.
Lack of available training programs for First Nations and
Métis library staff was presented as an important issue.
A library technician program, offered through distance education,
was seen as a need of First Nations and Métis library staff.
It is difficult for many to leave their responsibilities
at home to attend the Library and Information Technology
program, presently only offered at the SIAST Saskatoon (Kelsey)
campus. If library staff do leave their communities to obtain
further library training, there is often no one to replace
them in their libraries and fulfill their duties.
The Advisory Committee invited representatives from the
Saskatchewan Institute of Applied Science and Technology
(SIAST), and the Saskatchewan Indian Institute of Technology
(SIIT) to speak to them about the establishment of a library
technician program for First Nations and Métis library staff.
Both SIAST and SIIT expressed interest in partnering to
deliver library technician training, with a distance education
option, particularly designed for First Nation and Métis
people. Methods of distance education could include: correspondence
courses, two-way video conferencing, or direct delivery
of the library training by an instructor in the community.
As well, public libraries could provide assistance, support,
and mentoring for public library staff taking the courses
through distance education.
The committee would like to see an entire library training
program offered through distance education. However, if
not all required courses are offered, those that are, must
be completely transferable to a university or technical
college, allowing students to pursue completion of library
training elsewhere, if desired.
The Saskatchewan Indian Federated College (SIFC) is exploring
the possibility of creating an undergraduate degree program
in Library Science. This program could be offered through
the Indian Studies or the Indian Education programs, and/or
the Northern Campus Interdisciplinary Certificate Program.
To provide the financial opportunities for First Nations
and Métis library staff wishing to obtain further library
education, it is a recommendation of the committee that
public libraries work to establish scholarships and bursaries,
through the development of partnerships. The Committee also
recommends that these scholarships be designated for individuals
of First Nations and Métis descent working towards obtaining
Library Technician diplomas, and Master's Degrees in Library
Science (MLS) or Library and Information Science (MLIS).
Potential partners could include First Nations and Métis
organizations, post-secondary institutions, and private
corporations.
The committee recommends that public libraries explore
possibilities of joint conferences on library services for
First Nations and Métis people. Such conferences could provide
training opportunities for First Nations and Métis library
staff. Potential partners could include:
Saskatchewan Library Association,
Saskatchewan Library Trustees Association,
Library Services for Saskatchewan Aboriginal Peoples
Committee,
Saskatchewan Teachers' Federation,
AWASIS* - a special subject council of the Saskatchewan
Teachers' Federation, whose goal is the continued growth
and improvement of education for Aboriginal peoples,
Saskatchewan Tribal Councils' conferences for their
teachers,
Saskatchewan School Library Association,
Saskatchewan Reading Council,
Northern Lights School Division, etc.
The Advisory Committee recommends that an internship program
be established for First Nations and Métis students and
graduates of library technician and library science programs.
The Advisory Committee heard concerns about the difficulties
that First Nations and Métis library staff face in obtaining
higher level positions within libraries. The establishment
of a First Nations and Métis library internship program
would be a positive solution to this difficulty.
The Advisory Committee looked at the Aboriginal
Public Service Internship Program, operated by the
Government of Saskatchewan, which may serve as a model
for the development of a parallel program within public
libraries. The program is designed to provide First
Nations and Métis university graduates the opportunity
to obtain professional training and management experience
within the public service. It is a two-year program,
during which the interns rotate through four different
job assignments, allowing them to gain an understanding
of the decision-making processes within the public
service.
For additional information see the Public Service
Commission web site at
http://www.gov.sk.ca/psc/intern/default.htm
A parallel program for public libraries would provide
the opportunity for First Nations and Métis participants
to be exposed to a variety of different positions
within the public library system, including higher
level management positions. As well, First Nations
and Métis interns would be allowed the opportunity
to work in a variety of public library settings, including:
Provincial Library,
one of the two municipal libraries,
regional library headquarters and branches, and
PNLS headquarters and member libraries.
The program could be organized by public library
directors and Provincial Library in cooperation with
the First Nations and Métis communities.
In addition to an internship program, the Advisory
Committee considered the establishment of a mentoring
program for First Nations and Métis public librarians
and library staff. Saskatchewan Environment and Resource
Management (SERM) was invited to present their mentoring
program to the Advisory Committee.
The public libraries could use this program as a
model for a mentoring project designed to assist First
Nations and Métis librarians, and promote cooperation
between the public libraries in the Province of Saskatchewan.
This program could be co-ordinated by public library
director and Provincial Library, in cooperation with
the First Nations and Métis communities.
Mentoring
Programs:
Career Development: Mentoring
can help employees clarify their individual career
goals and provide management with valuable insight
into their preference and plans.
Succession Planning: According
to surveys, a large percentage of the work force
will retire with the coming decades. Mentoring is
an excellent way to preserve knowledge and pass
it on to a new generation of . employees.
Skills Development: Many
employees may not recognize their own potential.
Mentoring can help them discover their own interests
and strengths, making them more productive contributors
to the [work force].
Support of Training Efforts:
. Mentoring can reinforce training. There is nothing
like individualized, one-on-one coaching to help
an employee learn, practice, and master new skills.
Performance Improvement:
. All employees can benefit from mentoring. In many
cases, all people need to become more productive
is the advice and guidance of a positive role model.
Upper Management Appraisal:
A new style of mentoring, reverse mentoring, has
even been adapted to enable employees to offer feedback
to supervisors and senior management on their performance
and ways it can be improved. By seeing how they
are perceived by others, upper management can learn
to be more effective.
Taken from materials prepared for the
SERM Mentoring Steering Committee by Nancy Gross. Based
on materials by Lynn Learning Labs, Mentoring: Passing
the Torch (1988).
That provincial initiatives be undertaken in conjunction
with First Nations Chiefs, First Nations Councils, Métis
Locals and Elders to offer workshops and training sessions
for library staff members on providing services and outreach
to First Nations and Métis people.
The Advisory Committee recommends that First Nations Chiefs,
Councils, Métis Locals and Elders be involved in the establishment,
development and provision of workshops and training sessions
for library staff members on providing services and outreach
to First Nations and Métis people. The Aboriginal Library
Consultants at Provincial Library could co-ordinate such
initiatives.
That Provincial Library establish full-time, permanent
positions, designated for individuals of Aboriginal ancestry,
for two Aboriginal Library Consultants, to act as central
coordinators.
That Lakeland, Parkland, Southeast, and Wapiti regional
libraries, Pahkisimon Nuye?áh Library System, Regina Public
Library and Saskatoon Public Library each establish and
maintain a full-time, permanent Aboriginal Library Consultant
position, designated for an individual of Aboriginal ancestry,
who would act as an implementation coordinator.
"Effective library service to Aboriginal people
requires ongoing communication between this community
and the libraries that serve them. Provincially funded
library consultants, who are Aboriginal, could regularly
meet with Public Library Directors in the province,
and share and discuss concerns and ideas. They would
liase with Aboriginal groups and agencies in the province
to establish communications and resource networks between
libraries and Aboriginal people." (Saskatoon Public
Library, Presentation to the Minister's Advisory
Committee on Library Services for Aboriginal People)
The model for the Aboriginal Library Consultant positions
was developed from the First Nation Consultants in the Ontario
Library Service. There are currently three First Nations
Consultants: two working through Ontario Library Service
North and one working through the Southern Ontario Library
Service. The three consultants assist First Nations libraries
with a variety of services including: library development,
layout, design, training, guidance for collection development,
shelving and cataloging, grant applications and an annual
library survey.
The positions of Aboriginal Library Consultant and the
implementation coordinators would be designated for individuals
of First Nations or Métis descent. The Aboriginal Library
Consultants would be responsible for a variety of tasks
including:
Working with public libraries serving First Nations
and Métis communities;
Working with First Nation libraries;
Promoting the importance of public libraries for First
Nations and Métis people;
Coordinating the development of a list of quality Aboriginal
library materials and the development of a list of materials
no longer suitable for library collections;
Coordinating recruitment and entry of First Nations
and Métis people into the public library workforce;
Coordinating the preparation of the public library
environment for increased First Nations and Métis participation
at the staff and trustee levels;
Coordinating the development of an Aboriginal component
to the Saskatchewan Libraries Web Site;
Directing Aboriginal cultural and sensitivity training;
Developing training programs and conferences for First
Nations and Métis library staff;
Creating a brochure and province-wide media campaign
for the promotion of Aboriginal libraries (e.g. Aboriginal
Library Week),
Asking advice from the Library Services for Saskatchewan
Aboriginal Peoples Committee.
Working with the Aboriginal Employment Development
Program to increase the number of First Nations and Métis
people employed within the Saskatchewan public library
workforce.
The consultants would be assisted in implementing these
tasks by the coordinators at the local and regional levels.
They would work directly with libraries serving First Nations
and Métis people, providing assistance in such areas as:
On-site training,
Collection development,
Program development,
Grant applications,
Library layout.
It is recommended that a special grant be established to
fund the coordinators responsible at local or regional levels.
In The Public Libraries Regulations, 1996, under
"Government Grants", it states:
Notwithstanding any other grant made by the minister
pursuant to these regulations, the minister may make grants
to public libraries or public library systems for special
projects for the purpose of: (a) assisting in the establishment
of any public library; (b) or contributing towards the
maintenance of any public library (The Public Libraries
Regulations, 1996 S.R., 1996, c. P-39.2, s. 21.9).
Such positions would assist in the establishment and maintenance
of First Nations and Métis public libraries.
The Advisory Committee recognizes that a regional library
serving a small First Nations and Métis populations may
not require the services of a full time Aboriginal consultant.
In these instances it is recommended that the region employ
an Aboriginal consultant whose duties may include responsibilities
other than those designated to an Aboriginal consultant.
These positions would help promote equitable access to public
library services throughout the province, consistent with
Provincial Library's objectives
That on-reserve public library service points house
collections of a quality and size similar to that of a
regional branch library serving a comparable population.
That the public, regional, and northern libraries develop
collections of Aboriginal materials reflecting the histories
and cultures of the First Nations and Métis people of
Saskatchewan, with particular emphasis on the First Nations
and Métis people in that area.
That Aboriginal materials be available in every branch
library in Saskatchewan and that rotating blocks be one
of the mechanisms used to achieve this goal.
That Provincial Library and the Aboriginal Library
Consultants compile a list of Aboriginal materials recommended
and materials not recommended for public libraries, for
posting on the Saskatchewan Libraries Web Site.
". lack of participation in the system by [First
Nations] handicaps our ability as information providers
to develop collections of merit to meet the needs of
our own Aboriginal patrons. Without their input, we
do not know what collections to build" (Kevin Phillip,
Wapiti Regional Library, Submission to the Committee
on Library Services for Aboriginal People).
Many of the First Nations participants in the public consultations
expressed concern about the deficiency in the extent and
quality of their on-reserve library collections. The committee
recommends that the regional libraries work with First Nations
to ensure that on-reserve service points have collections
equal in size and quality to those of branch libraries serving
a population of similar size. It is important that on-reserve
collections include quality Aboriginal materials, particularly
materials relevant to the residents of the First Nations
people.
The Advisory Committee heard that many public libraries
in the province, including on-reserve service points, house
insufficient collections of Aboriginal materials. The committee
recommends that all public library systems work to develop
quality collections of Aboriginal materials. Regional libraries
were also encouraged to develop rotating blocks of Aboriginal
materials for circulation through their branch libraries.
The Advisory Committee, during the public consultations,
heard much concern about the inability of many librarians,
both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal, to find appropriate
Aboriginal materials. Librarians experienced difficulties
with knowing which materials would be recommended and where
these materials can be purchased.
To assist libraries in developing quality
Aboriginal collections, lists should be compiled of Aboriginal
materials, recommended for public libraries, and not recommended
for public libraries. The not recommended list should include
outdated materials and materials with negative stereotypes.
For examples of possible lists of recommended Aboriginal
materials and inappropriate materials refer to web site
addresses provided in Section X, Web site
on Library Services for First Nations and Metis People,
of this report.
That Provincial Library develop an Aboriginal component
to the Saskatchewan Libraries Web Site.
In order to address the concern about the inability of
many librarians and teachers, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal,
to find appropriate Aboriginal materials, the committee
recommends that an Aboriginal component be added to the
Saskatchewan Libraries Web Site. Such a web site could include:
List of Aboriginal materials recommended for public
libraries (See Indian and Northern Affairs Canada's web
site for possible children's materials, at http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/ks/english/index_e.html);
Publishers of Aboriginal materials (print, audio-visual,
CD ROM);
Library training opportunities for First Nations and
Métis people, including announcements regarding upcoming
workshops and conferences;
Information relevant to operating a First Nations public
library;
Bulletin board for public library staff to post concerns
and share solutions;
Venue for concerns to be filtered to the Library Services
for Saskatchewan Aboriginal Peoples Committee;
Information on ways for public libraries to be more
welcoming to First Nations and Métis people;
Model public libraries serving First Nations and Métis
people;
Aboriginal authors and their publications;
List of all positions within the public library system,
including a description of the duties and education level
required;
Links to other Aboriginal libraries and other relevant
web sites;
List of grant resources available to public libraries;
Final report of the Minister's Advisory Committee on
Library Services for Aboriginal People, and any follow-up
activities.
The web site could act as a clearing house for Aboriginal
materials, and help connect potential buyers with the publishers
of Aboriginal materials.
The committee recommends that the Aboriginal Library Consultants
co-ordinate the development and maintenance of the Aboriginal
component of the Saskatchewan Libraries Web Site, with technical
assistance from the Provincial Library.
That public libraries work with the First Nations and
Métis communities to promote and enhance literacy initiatives
among First Nations and Métis people.
"Libraries are food for the mind." (Phyllis
Lerat, Committee Member)
"Books and reading, and the whole library concept,
are not part of daily life outside the school setting.
The importance of literacy has not been instilled.
There are problems understanding the printed word,
as it is their second language, and coupled with the
association of unpleasant school experiences, the
idea of an adult reading for enjoyment, becomes remote."
(Ruth Healy, Peayamechikee Public Library, Pine
House Lake, Presentation to the Minister's Advisory
Committee on Library Services for Aboriginal People
of Saskatchewan)
"To reach the adults, you have to reach the kids."
(Lloyd Desjarlais, Education Councilor, Piapot
Cree Nation)
At the public consultations, the Advisory Committee heard
from participants of the First Nations and Métis communities
that their people are experiencing low levels of literacy.
The committee recommends that the public libraries work
with the First Nations and Métis communities to develop
strategies for increasing literacy among First Nations and
Métis people and communities. Three types of literacy were
identified:
Reading literacy - ability to interpret, comprehend
and convey the written word.
Computer literacy - ability to interpret and operate
computer software and programming.
Information literacy - ability to search and locate
information through a variety of venues.
Until very recently, the education system was criticized
as unwelcoming to First Nations and Métis students. This
history has not fostered the success of First Nations and
Métis students and they continue to experience low graduation
rates and low levels of literacy.
Low literacy levels may also be a result of the fact that
English may not be the first language of many First Nations
and Métis students. It becomes extremely challenging for
students to thrive in an environment that does not accommodate
their specific language needs.
The Advisory Committee recommends that initiatives be taken
to promote family literacy. A parent is often their child's
first educator, and the home environment can be tailored
to foster a child's emerging literacy. Parents and children
who spend time together reading are enhancing their literacy,
the result being a family with strong reading skills. Communities
that engage in family literacy initiatives are informed
and healthy communities.
The Advisory Committee heard several suggestions to enhance
literacy levels among First Nations and Métis people that
could be carried out through public library service points.
Libraries could host a story hour when staff or volunteers
read to parents and children. Story hour might also incorporate
the oral traditions of the local First Nations and Métis
people. Reading partners could be engaged on a volunteer
basis to promote literacy to children. A child may not have
many books at home to help establish the habit of reading.
Creation of reading circles, where each participant receives
a book prize, may be a step to changing the situation and
improving literacy.
To accommodate the needs of First Nations and Métis people
whose first language is not English, the Advisory Committee
recommends that public library collections include materials
in the languages of the local First Nations and Métis people.
Providing a variety of materials, including large print
books, books written in Aboriginal languages and syllabics,
and audio books would promote library use by Elders, and
increase the value of literacy and attract First Nations
and Métis people to public libraries.
Participants also expressed a desire to increase computer
literacy. There is a lack of computers available in the
home or for public use within many First Nations and Métis
communities. Isolation of some First Nations and Métis communities
was an identified barrier. The inability to make regular
use of computers, the Internet, on-line catalogues, and
other information resources, prevents First Nations and
Métis people from increasing their computer and information
literacy.
In public libraries where computer labs are available,
it was recommended that computer training be made available
and promoted in First Nations and Métis communities. An
innovative idea currently being practiced at the Albert
Branch of the Regina Public Library, is that young patrons
are asked to complete ten minutes of computer training before
they use the computers for other purposes. To enhance computer
literacy in small communities and on First Nations, it is
recommended that the option of a portable computer lab be
explored.
To increase information literacy among First Nations and
Métis people, the Advisory Committee recommends that increased
training hours be offered to First Nations and Métis patrons.
Library education hours could be held in the evenings to
accommodate students and adults who cannot visit the public
library during the day. Offering information training would
familiarize First Nations and Métis patrons with how to
locate information from a variety of locations and access
collections to their fullest potential.
Where isolation is a barrier preventing certain First
Nations and Métis people from visiting a public library
service point, it is recommended that library services be
brought to them, through programs such as books by mail,
or a delivery service for the elderly. This would allow
people who work and live on trap lines, those that are home
schooled, or perhaps Elders who live in remote areas and
are unable to travel, to access library services.
The committee further recommends that partnerships be explored
to facilitate the promotion of literacy among First Nations
and Métis people. Potential partners include existing literacy
groups, and community organizations and programs, such as:
Saskatchewan Reading Council,
EGADZ (Saskatoon) and Street Culture Kids (Regina),
Riversdale City Center (Saskatoon), and
Aboriginal Head Start Programs,
Regional Inter-Sectoral Committees.
Other potential partners include First Nations and Métis
organizations, play schools and child care centres, and
various governmental departments such as Industry Canada.
Regional libraries expressed jurisdiction problems in
the delivery of literacy programming. In certain areas,
literacy programming is the jurisdiction of the regional
colleges. It is recommended that this issue of jurisdiction
be investigated further.
The Advisory Committee believes that enhancing literacy
among First Nations and Métis people will result in an increase
in their comfort with using books on a regular basis, and
will become more familiar with public library services.
Enhanced literacy skills may contribute to the educational
successes and overall well-being of the First Nations and
Métis people.
That an official Storytelling Week occur in February
of each year, throughout the province to promote First
Nations and Métis oral traditions and the use of public
libraries.
The province of Ontario has established a First Nations
Public Library Week. The second annual First Nations Public
Library Week was held 12 February to 17 February 2001. It
encourages First Nations public libraries to promote their
resources and services to their communities through a variety
of programming. The winter date respects the First Nations'
traditional time for storytelling. The week in February
supports a Valentine's Day theme of "Love Your Library."
The material for the 2001 First Nations Public Library
Week include:
A First Nations Public Library Week poster with the
First Nations Public Library Week logo surrounded by the
logos of the Ontario First (See Ontario Library Service
- North's web site at http://olsnnt1.olsn.on.ca/olsn/firstnations/fnplweek.htm);
A First Nations BINGO game to promote First Nations
topics, such as language, symbols and practices and famous
First Nations people.
The Advisory Committee recommends that a similar celebratory
week be established in Saskatchewan to promote Aboriginal
libraries. A Saskatchewan Storytelling Week may also include
all libraries for First Nations and Métis people including
the Saskatchewan Indian Cultural Centre (SICC), and post-secondary
institution libraries such as Gabriel Dumont Institute (GDI)
and the Saskatchewan Indian Federated College (SIFC).
Storytelling Week would function to promote oral traditions
and histories of all that participate. However, the Advisory
Committee recommends Storytelling Week in recognition of
the strong historical oral tradition among First Nations
and Métis people. The public libraries, by celebrating oral
traditions would attract First Nations and Métis people
into their libraries. Storytelling Week would be best hosted
in February because the committee heard during discussion
that February is traditionally when stories were told, and
therefore, the most culturally appropriate time.
The Aboriginal Library Consultants at Provincial Library
could be responsible for the development and the advertising
for Storytelling Week.
That public libraries be encouraged to be innovative
and creative in planning and implementing strategies for
improving library services for First Nations and Métis
people.
The Advisory Committee heard many innovative ideas to promote
Aboriginal libraries and use of libraries by First Nations
and Métis patrons. The committee recommends the adoption
of these strategies. Many of the strategies were found to
be in practice in various libraries throughout the province,
or similar models used by other institutions or organizations.
Those strategies implemented appear to have very successful
results.
Options to Work at the Library in Lieu of Paying Fines.
During the public consultations, the committee heard that
fines for overdue library materials might discourage possible
First Nations and Métis patrons from using the library.
It was mentioned that certain First Nations and Métis patrons
might not use library materials for fear of their inability
to pay fines if the materials are overdue. In lieu of fines,
libraries may offer options to work at the library. One
possible task could be for libraries to ask older patrons
to read to children during a story hour.
Paperback Trading Centres. Members of the public
saw the establishment of informal paperback trading centres
as a positive initiative. Books are often circulated informally
on a First Nation. Therefore, the establishment of a location
where books could be traded may be useful in these communities.
Previously read paperbacks and donations could be placed
in a central location within First Nations and Métis communities.
For example, paperbacks could be placed on a rack in the
First Nation Council office, or within a community centre.
There would be no formal monitoring of the books, and people
could read them at their leisure.
Self-identification upon Application for a Public Library
Card. It was proposed that a self-identification section
be included in a public library card application. This would
allow public libraries to measure First Nations and Métis
participation and usage. The format for such a question
could be modeled on the application to the University of
Saskatchewan:
Aboriginal Ancestry
My ancestry is: Indian
Métis
Inuit
Non-Aboriginal
The information about Aboriginal ancestry may be released
to libraries province-wide for the purposes of providing
library services
Yes
No
Library Cards Available at First Nations Council Offices.
The Advisory Committee heard that one barrier to First Nations
participation in public libraries is the requirement of
a parental signature for children under the age of 16 to
obtain a library card. By going to a First Nation to issue
library cards, this problem may be resolved. Public libraries
could organize evenings when staff sign up First Nations
residents for public library cards at the Council office.
Karaoke to Promote Literacy. Libraries may wish
to host a karaoke and library night. Karaoke promotes reading
and literacy because the song lyrics scroll across a screen.
The librarian encourages people to leave the karaoke night
with a library book.
"A library book is the most inexpensive form of
entertainment" (Brenda Ahenakew, Director of Education,
Saskatoon Tribal Council).
"People working in library systems know the valuable
role libraries play in a community; however, often
it is not communicated effectively to all levels of
government or the general public. Libraries are more
than just books, and this needs to be communicated
more effectively to the public." (Parkland Regional
Library, Brief from Parkland Regional Library to
the Minister's Advisory Committee on Library Service
for Aboriginal People)
Promotion of the Importance of Public Library Services
A few participants at the public consultations were of the
opinion that library services are not needed in First Nations
and Métis communities. This, however, was a small minority
opinion. Most participants felt that public libraries are
very important and should be promoted within First Nations
and Métis communities. The committee recommends that public
libraries undertake initiatives to promote the importance
of library services. Such initiatives could include outreach
to First Nations to raise awareness about the importance
and usefulness of library services. It is essential that
First Nations and Métis people understand the importance
and the benefit of libraries for First Nations and Métis
communities. Libraries can help instill a love of reading
in First Nations and Métis families and communities. The
Aboriginal Library Consultants may be in the position to
organize and develop this type of outreach program. As well,
it was suggested that First Nations Chiefs be used as role
models in a media campaign to promote libraries.
Improved Public Library Access for Aboriginal Peoples
Award
The Provincial Library currently co-ordinates a Library
Access Award Competition in conjunction with the National
Access Awareness Week. The Library Access Award is held
annually and is designed to encourage libraries in the province
to work toward making library resources, services and facilities
more accessible to people with disabilities. The competition
is open to all libraries: public, school, college, university,
government and special libraries. Winners of the Library
Access Award are recognized at the National Access Awareness
Week Awards ceremonies where they receive a trophy and a
plaque. A similar annual award could be explored in the
form of an Improved Public Library Access for Aboriginal
Peoples Award. This award would honor public libraries that
have made the most improvement in making their resources
and services available to Aboriginal peoples.
Needs Assessment
Libraries may not be considered a priority for leaders of
First Nations communities, particularly as they struggle
with more urgent priorities. It is recommended that public
libraries perform needs assessments on the communities they
serve to determine the priorities. Moreover, the Advisory
Committee recommends that libraries work to provide materials
to allow communities to better address their priorities.
In other words, libraries become a means to addressing the
priorities and needs of the communities. The committee advises
that partnerships be established to provide quality programs.
Possible needs may include informational materials about
health issues, including Diabetes, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome,
Fetal Alcohol Effect, and AIDS; business development; land
claims; crime and criminal justice system, etc.
Partnerships with Community Organizations
It is important that public libraries work to establish
partnerships with community organizations in order to provide
quality service. This concept has been repeated a number
of times throughout the report for a variety of different
programs and services. The committee wishes to stress the
importance of partnerships to promote community involvement
in the libraries, as well as to allow for the development
of programs designed specifically to meet the needs of community
members.
Community Van Delivery Service
The committee heard a strong preference for bookmobile service
by First Nations in certain areas of the province however
it was also suggested by members of the public library community
that bookmobile service is extremely costly and therefore
difficult to accommodate. A possible solution is to provide
First Nations with a computer that is connected to the public
library catalogue thereby allowing the residents to do searches
and make specific orders through interlibrary loan. Van
delivery of requested materials would reduce the costs of
transporting large volumes of materials to several communities
and accommodate the needs of First Nations who request a
portable library service.
That the minister direct the Provincial Library to
work with the public library community and the Library
Services for Saskatchewan Aboriginal Peoples Committee,
and any other appropriate groups, to develop an action
plan to ensure progress in the implementation of these
recommendations.
That in five years, there be a review of progress,
that includes public consultations and a report to the
minister.
"Saskatchewan is a great province, blessed with
a beautiful and productive land in which we can all
prosper. Libraries are an important part of the future,
as they are every person's free university. Free public
libraries only work if they are free and available to
everybody, without exception or discrimination."
(Louise Cochran, Lakeland Library Region, Brief presented
to Minister's Advisory Committee on Library Services
for Aboriginal People)
The primary intent of the Advisory Committee's recommendations
is to achieve universal access and to begin the process
of improving access and delivery of public library services
for First Nations and Métis people in Saskatchewan. First
Nations and Métis people must be involved in this development
and First Nations must retain responsibility for developing
and funding on-reserve public library services, in cooperation
with regional libraries and the federal government.
The committee strives to propose recommendations that
are consistent with Provincial Library's objective to provide
a public library system with equitable access to global
information and learning resources throughout the province.
As well, the Advisory Committee has worked within the goal
of Municipal Affairs and Housing, and its recommendations
promote the idea that "Saskatchewan is rich with the spirit
of community and cultural experiences."
The Advisory Committee on Library Services for Aboriginal
People submits this report to the Honourable Ron Osika,
the Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing.
